The tendency to ruminate can be assessed with the ruminative responses scale of the response styles questionnaire. This information sheet explores the consequences of different thinking styles. This overlap in item content raises the question, does a correlation. The rrssf is a 10item, 4point likert scale 4 almost always. Psychometric properties and factor structure of the. However, it is supposed that rumination is an involuntary coping process thatis unconsciouslyemployed. Rumination and time allocation 4 results 57 participant characteristics 57. Ruminative response scale and the 10item ruminative response scale. Whether specific factors within the rumination scale were differentially affected by cbt is also reported.
Ruminative response style and vulnerability to episodes of dysphoria. This paper aims to test the factor structure of the 10item rrs and the genderbased measurement invariance, in a community sample of adolescents, using a confirmatory. Psychometric properties of the 10item ruminative response. Ruminative responses to negative and positive affect among. Ruminative response styles and delay of seeking diagnosis.
Based on these sex differences, we considered whether ruminations are more highly correlated with symptoms of depression in women than in men and if. Ruminating is simply repetitively going over a thought or a problem without completion. Ruminative response scale rrs tijdschrift voor gedragstherapie. In the first interview, the average rumination score for women was 42. Hoeksema, 1991, the basic relationships among amount of. Rumination is one of the similarities between anxiety and depression.
A construct validation study of the response styles questionnaire rumination scale in participants with a recentonset. The rrs was developed to more directly and reliably assess rumination that is. Based on these results, the ruminative response scale appears to be valid and reliable scale for turkish samples. The ruminative response scale rrs is a widelyused instrument to measure rumination, but there is continuing argument about the construct validity of the rrs, because of probable overlap between the measurement of depression and that of rumination. Response styles questionnaire ruminative responses scalersq. The ruminative response scale rrsshort form is one of the most widely used measures of rumination, comprising ten items and two. Ruminative response and depression was not caused by the item overlapped roberts et al. The ruminative responses scale rrs is a measure of depressive rumination and, although several versions have been developed, the version by treynor and colleagues has been used most frequently in research. Rumination scale pdf please find enclosed a copy of the ruminative responses scale we have been using. In the present study, we explored the association of rumination measured by the ruminative responses scale with polymorphisms of two distinct folate pathway genes, mthfr rs18013 c677t and. Psychometric properties of the 10item ruminative response scale in. The ruminative response scale rrs, a selfreport measure of describing ones responses to depressed mood, consists of 22 items and three factors depression, brooding, and reflection. Ruminative response style, the ruminative response scale, cfa, scale adaptation. These subscales are used to seek differential correlations with other variables of interest e.
The dg scored higher than the other groups on the ccl, the frequency and intensity. Factor structure of the ruminative response scale and. Factor structure of the ruminative responses scale. The effects of cognitivebehavioural therapy on mood. The 10item ruminative responses scale is used to measure two facets of rumination. Distinct effects of folate pathway genes mthfr and mthfd1l.
The ruminative response scale rrsshort form is one of the most widely used selfreported measures of rumination, comprising ten items and describing the factors of brooding and reflection. That is, differences between ruminators and nonruminators were expected to be more pronounced when the discovery of a potential breast cancer symptom produces especially low positive affect and high negative affect. Response styles questionnaire ruminative responses scale 52 visual analogue scales 53 goal cueing task 53 word generation task 54 posttask judgements of task performance 56 procedure 56. Brooding and reflection reconsidered stanford university. Psychometric properties of the ruminative response scale.
This preliminary study investigated whether, in depressed adolescents, cognitivebehaviour therapy reduces moodrelated ruminative response style. Although past research has shown a correlation between ruminative response style and depression nolen. Responses can be acting or thinking about the depressive symptoms and thinking about possible causes and. Automatic thoughts, cognitive distortions, dysfunctional. Each item is rated on a likert scale ranging from 1 almost never. The ruminative responses scale rrs is a measure of depressive rumination which has two subscales. The purpose of the present study was to develop a selfreport measure of ruminative and dampening responses to positive affect rpa. The rrs consists of 22 possible responses to sad mood that are focused on the self, on ones symptoms, and on the possible causes and consequences of the mood state. Ruminative responses scale rrs nathan kline institute. The validity of these facets, however, is questionable because brooding and reflection were.
They measured this in a sample of 1,317 people at two times. Ruminative responses to anger involve a focus of attention on and rehearsal of the causes of the anger, and therefore the content of angry ruminations is likely to fuel the mood. This paper aims to test the factor structure of the 10item rrs and the genderbased. Our main goal was to test the hypothesis that individuals characterized by frequent automatic thoughts involving perfectionistic themes would also be characterized by a ruminative response. Crosscultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of. The ruminative response scale rrs is the most used measure of rumination in response to depressive mood.
Each item are rated on a 4point likert scale ranging from 1 never to 4 always. These subscales are used to seek differential correlations with. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. To examine this question, we evaluated measurement invariance of the brooding and reflection subscales from the ruminative responses scale rrs by gender, using data from four samples of undergraduates from three universities within the united states n 4,205. Item on the rumination scale that asks think about how sad you feel may be related. Perfectionism cognitions, rumination, and psychological. The current study examined the extent to which dimensions of perfectionism are associated with a ruminative response orientation and the experience of cognitive intrusions in response to stressful events. Please find enclosed a copy of the ruminative responses scale we have been using in much of our research on response styles for depression. Psychometric properties and factor structure of the ruminative. The ruminative response scale rrs is a selfreport questionnaire, which includes 22 items describing responses to depressed mood which distributed across three subscales.
Ruminative response scale and the 10item ruminative response scale the ruminative response scale rrs, a selfreport measure of describing ones responses to depressed mood, consists of 22 items and three factors depression, brooding, and reflection. Women are more likely than men to suffer with major depressive disorder mdd and other stress. These subscales are used to seek differential correlations with other variables of. A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis revealed evidence for configural. Rumination is a negative coping strategy defined as repetitive and passive focusing on negative feelings such as depression. The groups were compared with each other by oneway analysis of variance, independent samples ttest, and chisquare tests. Scale bcss, ruminative response scale rrs, and the responses to positive a. The rrs is a revision of the original, longer response styles questionnaire.
Because anger involves selfjustification and activation, people may be less likely to disengage from. Pdf this study was designed to examine structural validity and reliability of short version of the ruminative response scale rrs. The rsq assesses the extent to which individuals respond to depressed mood by focusing on self. Negative affect and ruminative selffocus during everyday. Rumination is the process of compulsively focused attention on the symptoms of ones distress, and on its possible causes and consequences. This study was designed to examine structural validity and reliability of short version of the ruminative response scale rrs developed by treynor, gonzalez.
Pdf the short version of ruminative response scale. The ruminative responses scale rrs is the most widely selfreport instrument used to assess individual differences in the tendency to engage in ruminative responses style. Dear colleague, please find enclosed a copy of the ruminative responses scale we have been using in much of our research on response styles for depression. Do sex differences in rumination explain sex differences. Rumination is considered a specific cognitive vulnerability factor that is thought to play a prominent role in the maintenance of depressive symptoms. A moodrelated ruminative response style increases the risk of onset and persistence of depression. Ruminative response style and vulnerability to episodes of. Pdf the turkish version of the ruminative response scale. Measurement invariance of the ruminative responses scale. We also expected individuals with the highest scores on the ruminative responses scale to delay the most. Ruminative response scale pdf please find enclosed a copy of the ruminative responses scale we have been using in much of our research on response styles for depression. Ruminative thoughts and their relation to depression and. Rumination and repetitive thought is a transdiagnostic maintenance process underpinning a range of difficulties.
Physical activity moderates effects of stressorinduced. Psychometric properties of the ruminative response scaleshort. Rumination items were adapted from the ruminative responses scale rrs 37,61. Gotlib3 a number of recent laboratory and prospective field studies suggest that the tendency to ruminate about dysphoric moods is associated with more severe and persistent. In addition, scores on the ruminative responses scale correlated signi. Rumination in response to dysphoric moods has been linked to the onset and maintenance of depressive symptoms. Ruminative responses scale rrs subscale of the response styles questionnaire rsq. Rrs, ruminative responses scale rtf, ruminative thought form consistent with evidence from imaging studies showing metabolic changes in the prefrontal cortex, patients with depression often show executive dysfunction as part of a broader pattern of cognitive impairment. For full information on the psychometric qualities of this scale, please see treynor, gonzalez, and nolenhoeksema 2003, cognitive therapy and research, 27, 247259. Rumination is the focused attention on the symptoms of ones distress, and on its possible causes and consequences, as opposed to its solutions, according to the response styles theory proposed by nolenhoeksema 1998 because the response styles theory has been empirically supported, this model of rumination is the most widely used conceptualization. The present study investigated the psychometric properties of two measures of rumination, the ruminative response scale rrs and the rumination on sadness scale rss in undergraduates n331. Translation and initial validation of the japanese version. Emailing resources to clients is restricted to only the advanced and team plans.
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